POLYHOUSE FARMING IN INDIA: INVESTMENT AND RETURNS

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Indian population is about 1,366,417,754 in 2019 at mid-year of 2019 according to UN data. Which makes India world's second most populous country next to china. The population increasing rate of India is about 1.13%, which leads India to 103rd position among 119 countries on the Global Hunger Index. In order to ensure the food security for the world’s 5th population, we need to adopt the polyhouse farming which increase the productivity of an area up to 4-5 time.

OPEN FIELD CULTIVATION VS POLYHOUSE CULTIVATION

Crops
Open Field Cultivation
Polyhouse Cultivation
Tomato
2-3 kg/Plant
8-10 kg/Plant
Capsicum
1-1.5 kg/Plant (Green)
5 kg/Plant (colour)
6 kg/Plant (Green)
Cucumber
1 kg/Plant (Desi variety) Seedless not applicable
3-5 kg/Plant (Seedless variety)


What is Polyhouse?
A polyhouse is an enclosed structure covered with polyfilm. Structure can be made of Bamboo, Teak Wood or Galvanised Iron it depends on the span on polyhouse house. Similarly, the shape of the polyhouse is also depend on it utilisation or location of polyhouse.

Example on basis of location: For commercial crop production polyhouse with multiple span is recommended for Northern India, where as in hilly area low tunnel polyhouse or single span polyhouse is recommended.

Example of basis of utilisation: For leafy vegetable, semi determinate verities of tomato and other low height horticulture crops is recommended.


COMMERCIAL VIABILITY OF POLYHOUSE FARMING IN INDIA

Polyhouse Type: Naturally Ventilated multi span Polyhouse
Crop: Tomato
Duration of Crop: 300 days
Area of Polyhouse: 4000 m2


SL. NO.
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
1
Polyhouse Construction with Drip Irrigation and Fogging Facility
All the Structure work should be according to NHMB (National Horticulture Board), with Drip Irrigation and Fogging system to avail to the subsidy.

Subsidised rate as per NHB @ 844/m2
     Rs.33,76,000.00
2
Growing System (Bed Preparation)
Height of the bed should be at least 40 cm and 90 cm wide. Bed Prepared with the mixture of Red Soil, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Rice Husk, Sand etc.

Subsidised rate as per NHB @ 100/m2
Rs.4,00,000.00
3
Nursey Seedling
Plant Density: 3 plants / Sq. m.
Total No. of Plants: 12,000 Nos.

Subsidised rate as per NHB @ 140/m2
      Rs.5,60,000.00
Total Investment:
Rs.43,36,000.00
Subsidy  @ 50% On Total Project :
Rs.21,68,000.00
Total Net Investment (Total Investment – Subsidy Amount):
Rs.21,68,000.00
4
COST OF CULTIVATION
Water requirement
1.0 litre / plant / day + Misting + Spraying
     Rs.1,32,000.00
Electricity & Generator
3.0 unit per day
       Rs.1,00,000.00
Fertilizers
Water Soluble fertilizers
      Rs.1,12,000.00
Crop Protection
Spraying
        Rs.1,20,000.00
Packing Material,
Transport, Sales Commission
Packing Material,
Transport, Sales Commission
       Rs.1,20,000.00
Miscellaneous
Maintenance of Polyhouse, Depreciation etc.
        Rs.4,15,600.00
Skilled Labour salary
4 Nos. Salary Rs.10,000.00
Rs.4,80,000.00
Supervisor Salary
01 No., Salary: Rs.15,000 / month
        Rs.1,80,000.00
Total Cost of Cultivation
     Rs.16,59,600.00
Total Investment in 1st year of Project:
Rs.38,27,600.00

RETURNS PER YEAR
Average Yield in Kg Per Plant
9 kg
Average Price Per Kg after packing
Rs.30/kg
Total No. of Plants in Polyhouse
12000 Nos.
Average Total  Returns From Each Crop Cycle
Rs.32,40,000.00

                     Note: The above calculations are indicative only.

CONCLUSION
The Average of yield of tomato in open field cultivation is just 2-3 kg/plant, however the average of Polyhouse cultivation is 8-9 kg/plant, which direct affects to production capacity and also boon for socio-economics status of Indian farmer.





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